CULTURE AND MANAGEMENT

Business Definition: Corporate Culture

The combined beliefs, values, ethics, procedures, and atmosphere of an organization. The culture of an organization is often expressed as "the way we do things around here" and consists of largely unspoken values, norms, and behaviors that become the natural way of doing things. An organization's culture may be more apparent to an external observer than an internal practitioner. The first person to attempt a definition of corporate culture was Edgar Schein, who said that it consisted of rules, procedures, and processes that governed how things were done, as well as the philosophy that guides the attitude of senior management toward staff and customers. The difficulty in identifying the traits of culture and changing them is borne out by the fact that culture is not merely climate, power, and politics, but all those things and more. There can be several subcultures within an organization, for example, defined by hierarchyâ€"shop floor or executiveâ€"or by functionâ€"sales, design, or production. Changing or renewing corporate culture in order to achieve the organization's strategy is considered one of the major tasks of organization leadership, as it is recognized that such a change is hard to achieve without the will of the leader.

Strategy formulation:

Strategic formulation is a combination of three main processes which are as follows:

• Performing a situation analysis, self-evaluation and competitor analysis: both internal and external; both micro-environmental and macro-environmental.
• Concurrent with this assessment, objectives are set. These objectives should be parallel to a time-line; some are in the short-term and others on the long-term. This involves crafting vision statements (long term view of a possible future), mission statements (the role that the organization gives itself in society), overall corporate objectives (both financial and strategic), strategic business unit objectives (both financial and strategic), and tactical objectives.
• These objectives should, in the light of the situation analysis, suggest a strategic plan. The plan provides the details of how to achieve these objectives.

Marketing action plan

• Placement and execution of required resources are financial, manpower, operational support, time, technology support
• Operating with a change in methods or with alteration in structure
• Distributing the specific tasks with responsibility or moulding specific jobs to individuals or teams.
• The process should be managed by a responsible team. This is to keep direct watch on result, comparison for betterment and best practices, cultivating the effectiveness of processes, calibrating and reducing the variations and setting the process as required.
• Introducing certain programs involves acquiring the requisition of resources: a necessity for developing the process, training documentation, process testing, and imalgation with (and/or conversion from) difficult processes.

Strategy evaluation

• Measuring the effectiveness of the organizational strategy, it's extremely important to conduct a SWOT analysis to figure out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (both internal and external) of the entity in question. This may require to take certain precautionary measures or even to change the entire strategy.

• Suitability (would it work?)
• Feasibility (can it be made to work?)
• Acceptability (will they work it?)

General approaches

In general terms, there are two main approaches, which are opposite but complement each other in some ways, to strategic management:

• The Industrial Organizational Approach
• based on economic theory — deals with issues like competitive rivalry, resource allocation, economies of scale
• assumptions — rationality, self discipline behaviour, profit maximization
• The Sociological Approach
• deals primarily with human interactions
• Assumptions — bounded rationality, satisfying behaviour, profit sub-optimality. An example of a company that currently operates this way is Google

The strategy hierarchy

In most (large) corporations there are several levels of management. Strategic management is the highest of these levels in the sense that it is the broadest - applying to all parts of the firm - while also incorporating the longest time horizon. It gives direction to corporate values, corporate culture, corporate goals, and corporate missions. Under this broad corporate strategy there are typically business-level competitive strategies and functional unit strategies.

Corporate strategy refers to the overarching strategy of the diversified firm. Such a corporate strategy answers the questions of "which businesses should we be in?" and "how does being in these businesses create synergy and/or add to the competitive advantage of the corporation as a whole?"

Business strategy refers to the aggregated strategies of single business firm or a strategic business unit (SBU) in a diversified corporation. According to Michael Porter, a firm must formulate a business strategy that incorporates either cost leadership, differentiation or focus in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage and long-term success in its chosen areas or industries. Alternatively, according to W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, an organization can achieve high growth and profits by creating a Blue Ocean Strategy that breaks the previous value-cost tradeoff by simultaneously pursuing both differentiation and low cost.

Functional strategies include marketing strategies, new product development strategies, human resource strategies, financial strategies, legal strategies, supply-chain strategies, and information technology management strategies. The emphasis is on short and medium term plans and is limited to the domain of each department’s functional responsibility.

Reasons why strategic plans fail

There are many reasons why strategic plans fail, especially:

• Failure to execute by overcoming the four key organizational hurdles
• Cognitive hurdle
• Motivational hurdle
• Resource hurdle
• Political hurdle
• Failure to understand the customer
• Why do they buy
• Is there a real need for the product
• inadequate or incorrect marketing research
• Inability to predict environmental reaction
• What will competitors do
• Fighting brands
• Price wars
• Will government intervene
• Over-estimation of resource competence
• Can the staff, equipment, and processes handle the new strategy
• Failure to develop new employee and management skills
• Failure to coordinate
• Reporting and control relationships not adequate
• Organizational structure not flexible enough
• Failure to obtain senior management commitment
• Failure to get management involved right from the start
• Failure to obtain sufficient company resources to accomplish task
• Failure to obtain employee commitment
• New strategy not well explained to employees
• No incentives given to workers to embrace the new strategy
• Under-estimation of time requirements
• No critical path analysis done
• Failure to follow the plan
• No follow through after initial planning
• No tracking of progress against plan
• No consequences for above
• Failure to manage change
• Inadequate understanding of the internal resistance to change
• Lack of vision on the relationships between processes, technology and organization
• Poor communications
• Insufficient information sharing among stakeholders
• Exclusion of stakeholders and delegates

RECONCILIATION OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

Cultural awareness:

• Before venturing on a global assignment, it is probably necessary to identify the cultural differences that may exist between one's home country and the country of business operation. Where the differences exist, one must decide whether and to what extent the home-country practices may be adapted to the foreign environment. Most of the times the differences are not very apparent or tangible. Certain aspects of a culture may be learned consciously (e.g. methods of greeting people), some other differences are learned subconsciously (e.g. methods of problem solving). The building of cultural awareness may not be an easy task, but once accomplished, it definitely helps a job done efficiently in a foreign environment.
• Discussions and reading about other cultures definitely helps build cultural awareness, but opinions presented must be carefully measured. Sometimes they may represent unwarranted stereotypes, an assessment of only a subgroup of a particular group of people, or a situation that has since undergone drastic changes. It is always a good idea to get varied viewpoints about the same culture.

Clustering cultures:

• Some countries may share many attributes that help mold their cultures (the modifiers may be language, religion, geographical location, etc.). Based on this data obtained from past cross-cultural studies, countries may be grouped by similarities in values and attitudes. Fewer differences may be expected when moving within a cluster than when moving from one cluster to another.

Determining the extent of global involvement:

• All enterprises operating globally need not have the same degree of cultural awareness. Figure 2 illustrates extent to which a company needs to understand global cultures at different levels of involvement. The further a company moves out from the sole role of doing domestic business, the more it needs to understand cultural differences. Moving outward on more than one axis simultaneously makes the need for building cultural awareness even more essential.

Cultural Awareness and Extent of Global Involvement

Body language

Body Language Speaks Volumes

* Up to 93 % of communication is non-verbal. Including tone of voice, eye movement, posture, hand gestures, facial expressions and more. The pressure of body language can especially be felt in emotional situations. Body language usually prevails over words. Are you good at reading body language?

* The eyes communicate more than any other part of the human anatomy. Staring or gazing at others can create pressure and tension in the room. Gangs have fought over the way someone looked at them. Researcher suggests that individuals who can routinely out gaze another develop a sense of control and power over others not so inclined. Maintained eye contact can show if a person is trustworthy, sincere or caring. Shifty eyes, too much blinking can suggest deception. People with eye movements that are relaxed and comfortable yet attentive to the person they are conversing with are seen as more sincere and honest.

* Eyebrow muscle draws the eyebrows down and toward the center of the face if someone is annoyed. If someone is empathetic and caring during dialogue the eyebrows will not show the annoyed facial grimace. See eye signal gestures.

* The smile: There are 50 or so different types of human smiles. By analyzing the movements of over 80 facial muscles involved in smiling, researchers can tell when a smile is true. Look for the crinkle in the skin at the middle, outside corner of the eyes and if it is not there, the smile is probably fake. Authentic smiles are smiles that "crest" or change rapidly from a small facial movement to a broad open expression.

* Bodily cues are the most reliable of all nonverbal signals of deception to help you read body language. This is because a person generally has less conscious control over these than other signals. (Springer, 1996; Ekman & Friesen, 1974). Hand-to-face gestures and shrugs are strong markers of deception. Playing with or touching things nearby during conversations has been found to be associated with deception (Cody & O'Hair, 1983). Deceivers also are likely to have increased illustrator activity--quick and animated use of hands/arms during speech.

* Vocal cues can predict deception. More and lengthier pauses during conversation; a lot of such sounds as "uh," "um," word repetitions; intruding sounds not part of the actual speech, less lengthy answers or explanations where they would be expected to be.

* Space is important. Personal space is needed and if it is invaded intentionally and at times by oversight can cause an individual to feel uncomfortable or threatened. Studies have shown that individuals that do not respect others space are less popular and often rejected by others.

* Body language arms gestures Gestures communicate. Hand signals can communicate without the use of any speech. Touching communicates. Touching can be friendly or it can be aggressive. The way a person stands reflects their level of confidence and comfort level. If a person stands tall so to speak they are seen as more confident. If someone is standing with their hands on their hips that can indicate aggression or alertness.

* When you interact socially develop your listening and observations skills. The above are a guide for looking for the clues to deception they are not fool proof.

* Watch your body language. Avoid shifting eyes and head quickly during conversation when someone asks you a question. Do not look down or to the side. Look directly at the person with a sense of confidence but not overbearing or threatening in nature.
 
 
Shoulder Shrug Gesture


The shoulder shrug gesture



* The shoulder shrug is also a good example of a universal gesture that is used to show that a person does not know or understand what you are talking about. It is a multiple gesture that has three main parts: exposed palms, hunched shoulders and raised brow.


The Ring or ‘OK’ Gesture

Everything is ok


* The ’OK’ meaning is common to all English-speaking countries and it means "All correct".


The Thumb-Up Gesture

No worries



* In Britain, Australia and New Zealand the thumb-up gesture has three meanings, it is commonly used by hitch-hikers who are thumbing a lift, it is an OK signal, and when the thumb is jerked sharply upwards it becomes an insult signal, meaning ‘up yours’ or ‘sit on this’. In some countries, such as Greece, its main meaning is ‘get stuffed’.


Congruence (state of agreement)

Common critical evaluation cluster


* We often see a high ranking politician standing behind a lectern with his arms tightly folded across his chest (defensive) and chin down (critical or hostile), while telling his audience how receptive and open he is to the ideas of young people.


How To Tell Lies Successfully

Child telling a lie
 
 
Zone Distances


The radius of the air bubble around suburban middle class white people living in Australia, New Zealand, England, North America and Canada is generally the same. It can be broken down into four distinct zone distances.
* Intimate Zone (between 15 and 45 centimetres or 6 to 18 inches) - Of all the zone distances, this is by far the most important as it is this zone that a person guards as if it were his own property. Only those who are emotionally close to that person are permitted to enter it. This includes lovers, parents, spouse, children, close friends and relatives. There is a sub-zone that extends up to 15 centimetres (6 inches) from the body that can be entered only during physical contact. This is the close intimate zone.

* Personal Zone (between 46 centimetres and 1.22 metres or 18 to 48 inches) - This is the distance that we stand from others at cocktail parties, office parties, social functions and friendly gatherings.

* Social Zone (between 1.22 and 3.6 metres or 4 to 12 feet) - We stand at this distance from strangers, the plumber or carpenter doing repairs around our home, the postman, the local shopkeeper, the new employee at work and people whom we do not know very well.

* Public Zone (over 3.6 metres or 12 feet) - Whenever we address a large group of people, this is the comfortable distance at which we choose to stand.




Palm Positions


* Submissive Palm Position - The palm facing up is used as a submissive, non-threatening gesture, reminiscent of the pleading gesture of a street beggar. The person being asked to move the box will not feel that the request is given with pressure and, in a normal superior/subordinate situation, will not feel threatened by the request.

* Dominant Palm Position - When the palm is turned to face downwards, you will have immediate authority. The person to whom you have directed the request feels that he has been given an order to remove the box and may feel antagonistic towards you, depending on your relationship with him. For example, if the person to whom you gave the request was a co-worker of equal status, he could reject your palm-down request and would be more likely to carry out your wish if you had used the palm-up position. If the person to whom you give the request is your subordinate, the palm-down gesture is acceptable, as you have the authority to use it.

* Aggressive Palm Position - The palm is closed into a fist and the pointed finger becomes a symbolic club with which the speaker figuratively beats his listener into submission. The pointed finger is one of the most irritating gestures that a person can use while speaking, particularly when it beats time to the speaker’s words. If you are an habitual finger-pointer, try practising the palm-up and palm-down positions and you will find that you create a more relaxed attitude and have a more positive effect on other people.
Shaking the hands


* Glove Handshake - The glove handshake is sometimes called the politician’s handshake. The initiator tries to give the receiver the impression that he is trustworthy and honest, but when this technique is used on a person he has just met, it has the reverse effect. The receiver feels suspicious and cautious about the initiator’s intentions. The glove should only be used with people to whom the initiator is well-known.
Double Handed Handshakes

The Wrist hold and Elbow grasp handshake

* The intention of the double-handed handshake is to show sincerity, trust or depth of feeling towards the receiver. Two significant elements should be noticed. Firstly, the left hand is used to communicate the extra feeling that the initiator wishes to transmit and its extent is related to the distance that the initiator’s left hand is moved up the receiver’s right arm.

* Elbow Grasp - The elbow grasp, transmits more feeling than the wrist hold, and the shoulder hold.

* In general, the wrist hold and the elbow grasp are acceptable only between close friends or relatives and in these cases, the initiator’s left hand penetrates only the receiver’s intimate zone.
The Wrist hold and Elbow grasp handshake
* The shoulder hold and the upper arm grip enter the receiver’s close intimate zone and may involve actual body contact. They should be used only between people who experience a close emotional bond at the time of the handshake.

Rubbing the palms together


* Rubbing the palms together - Rubbing the palms together is a way in which people non-verbally communicate positive expectation.
Hands Clenched Together

Research by Nierenberg and Calero on the hands-clenched position brought them to the conclusion that this was a frustration gesture, signalling that the person was holding back a negative attitude. The gesture has three main positions,


* The person would be more difficult to handle when the hands are held high, than he would be with the person whom hands resting on the desk position. Like all negative gestures, some action needs to be taken to unlock the person’s fingers to expose the palms and the front of the body, or the hostile attitude will remain.


Steepling Hands

the raised steeple and the lowered steeple
People who are confident, superior types or who use minimal or restricted body gestures often use this gesture, and, by doing so, they signal their confident attitude. It is frequently used in superior/subordinate interaction and that it can be an isolated gesture which indicates a confident or 'know-it-all' attitude. Managers often use this gesture position when giving instructions or advice to subordinates and it is particularly common among accountants, lawyers, managers and the like. The gesture has two versions,
* The Raised Steeple - The position is normally taken when the steepler is giving his opinions or ideas and is doing the talking.

* The Lowered Steeple - The position is normally used when the steepler is listening rather than speaking.


Gripping Hands, Arms and Wrists

The hand gripping gesture
* Superiority/Confidence Gesture - Several prominent male members of the British Royal Family are noted for their habit of walking with their head up, chin out and one palm gripping the other hand behind the back. Not only does British Royalty use this gesture; it is common among Royalty of many countries. On the local scene, the gesture is used by the policeman patrolling his beat, the headmaster of the local school when he is walking through the school yard, senior military personnel and others in a position of authority.

* Hand-Gripping-Wrist Gesture - which is a signal of frustration and an attempt at self-control. In this ase one hand grips the other wrist or arm very tightly as if it is an attempt by one arm to prevent the other from striking out.

* Upper Arm Grip Gesture - The further the hand is moved up the back, the more angry the person has become. He is showing a greater attempt at self-control than the man in Hand-Gripping-Wrist Gesture man, because the hand is gripping the upper arm, not just the wrist. It is this type of gesture that has given rise to such expressions as, 'Get a good grip on yourself'.

Thumb Displays

Male and female back pocket gesture
The thumbs denote strength of character and ego and the non-verbal use of thumbs agrees with this. They are used to display dominance, superiority or even aggression; thumb gestures are secondary gestures, a supportive part of a gesture cluster. Thumb displays are positive signals, often used in the typical pose of the 'cool' manager who uses them in the presence of subordinates.
* Dominant Male - Arms folded with thumbs pointing upwards is another popular thumb gesture position. This is a double signal, being that of a defensive or negative attitude, (folded arms) plus a superior attitude (displayed by the thumbs). The person using this double gesture usually gesticulates with his or her thumbs, and rocking on the balls of the feet when standing is common.

* Dominant Female - Dominant or aggressive women also use this gesture. The women’s movement has allowed them to adopt many male gestures and positions. In addition to all this, thumb thrusters will often rock on the balls of their feet to give the impression of extra height.


The Mouth Guard Gesture


* The mouth guard is one of the few adult gestures that is as obvious as a child's. The hand covers the mouth and the thumb is pressed against the cheek as the brain sub-consciously instructs it to try and suppress the deceitful words that are being said. Sometimes this gesture may only be several fingers over the mouth or even a closed fist, but its meaning remains the same.

* Many people try to disguise the mouth guard gesture by giving a fake cough.If the person who is speaking uses this gesture, it indicates that he is telling a lie. If, however, he covers his mouth while you are speaking, it indicates that he feels you are lying!

Nose Touching and Eye Rub Gesture

* The Nose Touch - In essence, the nose touch gesture is a sophisticated, disguised version of the mouth guard gesture. It may consist of several light rubs below the nose or it may be one quick, almost imperceptible touch. Like the mouth guard gesture, it can be used both by the speaker to disguise his own deceit and by the listener who doubts the speaker’s words.

* The Eye Rub - 'See no evil' says the wise monkey, and this gesture is the brain's attempt to block out the deceit, doubt or lie that it sees or to avoid having to look at the face of the person to whom he is telling the lie. Men usually rub their eyes vigorously and if the lie is a big one they will often look away, normally towards the floor. Women use a small, gentle rubbing motion just below the eye, either because they have been brought up to avoid making robust gestures, or to avoid smudging make-up. They also avoid a listener’s gaze by looking at the ceiling.

Ear Rub and Neck Scratch Gesture


* The Ear Rub - This is, in effect, an attempt by the listener to 'hear no evil' in trying to block the words by putting the hand around or over the ear. This is the sophisticated adult version of the handsover-both-ears gesture used by the young child who wants to block out his parent's reprimands. Other variations of the ear rub gesture include rubbing the back of the ear, the finger drill (where the fingertip is screwed back and forth inside the ear), pulling at the earlobe or bending the entire ear forward to cover the earhole. This last gesture is a signal that the person has heard enough or may want to speak.

* The Neck Scratch - In this case, the index finger of the writing hand scratches below the earlobe, or may even scratch the side of the neck. Our observation of this gesture, reveals an interesting point. The person scratches about five times. Rarely is the number of scratches less than five and seldom more than five. This gesture is a signal of doubt or uncertainty and is characteristic of the person who says, "I'm not sure I agree." It is very noticeable when the verbal language contradicts it, for example, when the person says something like, "I can understand how you feel."


The Fingers in the Mouth and The Collar Pull gesture


* The Collar Pull - when a person is feeling angry or frustrated or sweating and needs to pull the collar away from his neck in an attempt to let the cool air circulate around it. When you see someone use this gesture, a question like, "Would you repeat that, please?" or, "Could you clarify that point, please?" can cause the would-be deceiver to give the game away.

* Fingers in the Mouth - Morris's explanation of this gesture is that the fingers are placed in the mouth when a person is under pressure. Whereas most hand-to-mouth gestures involve lying or deception, the fingers-in-mouth gesture is an outward manifestation of an inner need for reassurance. Giving the person guarantees and assurances is appropriate when this gesture appears.

Boredom and Interested Gesture
* Boredom Gesture - When the listener begins to use his hand to support his head, it is a signal that boredom has set in and his supporting hand is an attempt to hold his head up to stop himself from falling asleep. Extreme boredom and lack of interest are shown when the head is fully supported by the hand.

* Interested Gesture - Interested gesture is shown by a closed hand resting on the cheek, often with the index finger pointing upwards. Should the person begin to lose interest but wish to appear interested, for courtesy’s sake, the position will alter slightly so that the heel of the palm supports the head.

* Genuine interest is shown when the hand is on the cheek, not used as a head support.


Chin Stroking Gestures


* When the index finger points vertically up the cheek and the thumb supports the chin, the listener is having negative or critical thoughts about the speaker or his subject. Often the index finger may rub or pull at the eye as the negative thoughts continue.

* The next time you have the opportunity to present an idea to a group of people, watch them carefully as you give your idea and you will notice something fascinating. Most, if not all the members of your audience will bring one hand up to their faces and begin to use evaluation gestures. As you come to the conclusion of your presentation and ask for the group to give opinions or suggestions about the idea, the evaluation gestures will cease. One hand will move to the chin and begin a chin-stroking gesture.

* This chin-stroking gesture is the signal that the listener is making a decision. When you have asked the listeners for a decision and their gestures have changed from evaluation to decision-making.

Head-Rubbing and Head-Slapping Gestures
* Pain in Neck Gesture - A person who uses this when lying usually avoids your gaze and looks down. This gesture is also used as a signal of frustration or anger and, when this is the case, the hand slaps the back of the neck first and then begins to rub the neck.

* Forgetfulness Gesture - The slapping of the head communicates forgetfulness, the person signals how he feels about you or the situation by the position used when he slaps his hand on his head, either the forehead or the neck. If he slaps his forehead he signals that he is not intimidated by your having mentioned his forgetfulness, but when he slaps the back of his neck. He non-verbally tells you that you are literally a ‘pain-in-the-neck’ for pointing out his error.


Standard Arm Cross Gesture


* The standard arm-cross gesture is a universal gesture signifying the same defensive or negative attitude almost everywhere. It is commonly seen when a person is among strangers in public meetings, queues, cafeterias, elevators or anywhere that people feel uncertain or insecure.


Reinforced Arm-Cross Gesture
* The full arm-cross gesture the person has clenched fists, it indicates a hostile and defensive attitude
* The person using this gesture cluster has an attacking attitude, as opposed to the person.
Arm Gripping Gesture
* A superior type can make his superiority felt in the presence of persons he has just met by not folding his arms, but take an arm-fold gesture with both thumbs pointing vertically upwards.

* This gesture is the defensive version of both arms being held horizontally in front of the body with both thumbs up to show that the user is 'cool'.

Partial Arm-Cross Barriers Gesture
* The full arm-cross gesture is sometimes too obvious to use around others because it tells them that we are fearful. Occasionally we substitute a subtler version - the partial arm cross, in which one arm swings across the body to hold or touch the other arm to form the barrier.
* The partial arm barrier is often seen at meetings where a person may be a stranger to the group or is lacking in self-confidence. Another popular version of a partial arm barrier is holding hands with oneself, a gesture commonly used by people who stand before a crowd to receive an award or give a speech.

Disguised Arm-Cross Gestures

* Disguised arm-cross gestures are highly sophisticated gestures used by people who are continually exposed to others. This group includes politicians, sales people, television personalities and the like who do not want their audience to detect that they are unsure of themselves or nervous.

Standard Leg-Cross Position

* One leg is crossed neatly over the other, usually the right over the left. This is the normal crossed-leg position used by European, British, Australian and New Zealand cultures and may be used to show a nervous, reserved or defensive attitude.
* For example, people often sit like this during lectures or if they are on uncomfortable chairs for long periods.
* When the crossed legs gesture is combined with crossed arms, the person has withdrawn from the conversation.
The American Figure 4 Leg Lock Position


* This leg cross indicates that an argumentative or competitive attitude exists. It is the sitting position used by many American males who have a competitive nature. This being the case, it is difficult to interpret the attitude of an American during a conversation, but it is quite obvious when this gesture is used by a British citizen.
* The person who has a hard and fast attitude in an argument or debate will often lock the figure 4 into place with one or both hands, using them as a clamp. This is a sign of the tough-minded, stubborn individual who may need a special approach to break through his resistance.

Standing Leg Cross Gestures
The Ankle-Lock Gesture
* Male Version of Ankle Lock - is often combined with clenched fists resting on the knees or with the hands tightly gripping the arms of the chair.
* Femal Version of Ankle Lock - varies slightly the knees are held together, the feet may be to one side and the hands rest side by side or one on top of the other resting on the upper legs.

Head Gestures



* Neutral Head Position - The position taken by the person who has a neutral attitude about what he is hearing. The head usually remains still and may occasionally give small nods.
* Interested Head Position - When the head tilts to one side it shows that interest has developed.
* Disapproval Head Position - When the head is down, it signals that the attitude is negative and even judgmental. Critical evaluation clusters are normally made with the head down and, unless you can get the person’s head up or tilted, you may have a communication problem.
Both Hands Behind Head Gestures

* This gesture is typical of such professionals as accountants, lawyers, sales managers, bank managers or people who are feeling confident, dominant, or superior about something.
* It is also a gesture used by the 'know-it-all' individual and many people find it irritating when someone does it to them.
Readiness Gestures


* The individual is seen standing with the hands-on-hips pose, for this is one of the most common gestures used by man to communicate an aggressive attitude.
* Some observers have labelled this gesture 'readiness' which in the right context is correct, but the basic meaning is aggression.

Seated Readiness Gestures
* One of the most valuable gestures that a negotiator can learn to recognise is seated readiness.
* The readiness gestures that signal a desire to end a conversation or encounter are leaning forward with both hands on both knees, or leaning forward with both hands gripping the chair. Should either of these occur during a conversation it would he wise for you to take the lead and terminate it. This allows you to maintain a psychological advantage and to keep the control.
Male-Male Aggression Gestures
* Two men sizing each other up, using the characteristic hands-on-hips and thumbs-in-belt gestures.
* Considering that they are both turned at an angle away from each other and the lower halves of their bodies are relaxed, it would be reasonable to assume that these two males are unconsciously evaluating each other and that an attack is unlikely.
* Their conversation may be casual or friendly but a completely relaxed atmosphere will not exist until their hands-on-hips gestures cease and open palm gestures are used.
* If these two men had been directly facing each other with their feet planted firmly on the ground, a fight would be likely to occur


Controlling a person's gaze gesture
* When you are giving him a visual presentation using books, charts, graphs and so on. Research shows that of the information relayed to a person’s brain, 87 per cent comes via the eyes, 9 percent via the ears, and 4 per cent via the other senses.
* To maintain maximum control of his gaze, use a pen or pointer to point to the visual aid and at the same time verbalise what he sees. Next, lift the pen from the visual aid and hold it between his eyes and your own eyes. This has the magnetic effect of lifting his head so that he is looking at your eyes and now he sees and hears what you are saying, thus achieving maximum absorption of your message.

Male Courtship signals
* The male displays preening behaviour as the female approaches. In addition to the automatic physiological reactions already mentioned, he will reach for his throat and straighten his tie. If he is not wearing a tie, he may smooth his collar or brush imaginary dust from his shoulder and rearrange cufflinks, shirt, coat and other clothing. He may also preen himself by smoothing his hair.

* The most aggressive sexual display he can make towards the female is the aggressive thumbs-in-belt gesture that highlights his genital region. He may also turn his body towards her and point his foot at her.
Female Courtship signals
* Women use most of the same basic preening gestures as men, including touching the hair, smoothing the clothing, one or both hands on hips, foot and body pointing towards the male, extended intimate gaze and increasing eye contact. They also adopt the thumbs-in-belt gesture which, although it is a male aggression gesture, is used with feminine subtlety; only one thumb tucked into a belt or protruding from a handbag or pocket is displayed.

Male and Female Courtship signals
* The success that people have in sexual encounters with members of the opposite sex is directly related to their ability to send courtship signals and to recognise those being sent back. Women are aware of the courtship gestures, as they are aware of most other body gestures, but men are far less perceptive, often being totally blind to them.

* It was interesting to note that women described Graham as ‘sexy’, ‘masculine’ and ‘someone who makes you feel feminine’; their reactions to his constant array of court- ship signals. Men, on the other hand, described him as ‘aggressive’, ‘insincere’, and ‘arrogant’; their reaction to the aggressive competition that Graham represented. Consequently he had very few male friends, and the reasons for this should be obvious - no male likes a rival for the attentions of his female.
Cigarette Smokers Gestures
* Smoke up gesture - A person who is feeling positive, superior or confident will blow the smoke in an upward direction most of the time.
* Smoke down gesture - A person in a negative, secretive or suspicious frame of mind will blow the smoke down most of the time. Blowing down and from the corner of the mouth indicates an even more negative or secretive attitude. This, of course, assumes that the smoker is not blowing the smoke upwards to avoid offending others. In that case, he could have blown the smoke in either direction.

Gestures with glasses

Stalling Gesture

* The glasses-in-mouth gesture can be used to stall or delay a decision. In negotiating, it has been found that this gesture appears most frequently at the close of the discussion when the person has been asked for a decision. The act of continually taking the glasses off and cleaning the lenses is another method used by glasses wearers to gain time for a decision. When this gesture is seen immediately after a decision has been asked for, silence is the best tactic.

* If the person puts the glasses back on, this often means that he wants to 'see' the facts again, whereas folding the glasses and putting them away signals an intention to terminate the conversation.

Territorial Gestures
* People lean against other people or objects to show a territorial claim to that object or person. Leaning can also be used as a method, of dominance or intimidation when the object being leaned on belongs to someone else.

* For example, if you are going to take a photograph of a friend and his new car, boat, home or other personal belonging, you will inevitably find that he leans against his newly acquired property, putting his foot on it or his arm around it. When he touches the property, it becomes an extension of his body and in this way he shows others that it belongs to him.

Ownership Gestures
* The position person in the chair reflects an easygoing, relaxed and carefree attitude, because that is in fact what it is. The leg-overchair gesture not only signifies the man’s ownership of that particular chair or space, but also signals that customary etiquettes may be relaxed.

* If the boss’s chair has no arms (which is unlikely, this is usually the visitor’s chair) he may be seen with one or both feet on the desk. If his superior enters the office, it is unlikely that the boss would use such an obvious territorial/ownership gesture, but would resort to more subtle versions such as putting his foot on the bottom drawer of his desk, or, if there are no drawers in the desk, placing his foot hard against the leg of the desk to stake his claim to it.

Copying the other person gestures
* This 'carbon copying' is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes. By this method, one is non-verbally saying to the other, 'As you can see, I think the same as you, so I will copy your posture and gestures.'

* If an employer wishes to develop an immediate rapport and create a relaxed atmosphere with an employee, he need only copy the employee's posture to achieve this end. Similarly, an up-and-coming employee may be seen copying his boss's gestures in an attempt to show agreement. Using this knowledge, it is possible to influence a face-to-face encounter by copying the positive gestures and postures of the other person. This has the effect of putting the other person in a receptive and relaxed frame of mind, as he can 'see' that you understand his point of view.

Body Lowering Gesture

* Historically, lowering the height of one's body in front of another person has been used as a means of establishing superior/subordinate relationships. We refer to a member of Royalty as 'Your Highness', whereas individuals who commit unsavoury acts are called 'low'.
* Let us examine the non-verbal aspects of the situation in which you have been speeding in your car and are stopped by the policeman. In the situation,

1.) The policeman approaches your vehicle, and a driver’s usual reaction is to remain in the car, wind the window down and make excuses for having exceeded the speed limit.
2.) By remaining in your car, you create a barrier between yourself and the policeman.
3.) Under these circumstances the police officer is obviously in a superior position to you, this type of behaviour only serves to make things go from bad to worse and your chances of being booked are increased.
* Instead, try this if you are flagged down:
1.) Get immediately out of your car and go over to the police officer’s car.
2.) Stoop your body over so that you are smaller than he is
3.) Lower your own status by telling the officer how foolish and irresponsible you are and raise his status by thanking him.
4.) With your palms out, in a trembling voice, ask him not to give you a ticket.
When this technique is used as directed, it can save you from being booked more than 50 per cent of the time.

Open Formation Gesture


* People in most English speaking countries stand with their bodies oriented to form an angle of 90 degrees during ordinary social intercourse.

* The two men in are displaying similar status by holding similar gestures and posture and the angle formed by their torsos indicates that an impersonal conversation is probably taking place. The formation of the triangle invites a third person of similar status to join the conversation. When a fourth person is accepted into the group a square will be formed and for a fifth person, either a circle or two triangles.

Closed Formation Gesture

* When intimacy or privacy is required by two people, the angle formed by their torsos decreases from 90 degrees down to 0 degrees. A man wishing to attract a female partner uses this ploy, as well as other courtship gestures, when he makes his play for her.

* To accept his approach, she need only orient her torso angle to 0 degrees and allow him to enter her territory.

Inclusion and Exclusion Techniques gesture

Interviewing Two People Gesture

* Let us assume that you, person C, are going to interview or talk to persons A and B, and let us say that by either choice or circumstance you are sitting in a triangular position at a round table. Let us also assume that person A is very talkative and asks many questions and that person B remains silent throughout. When A asks you a question, how can you answer him and carry on a conversation without making B feel excluded? Use this simple but highly effective inclusion technique: when A asks a question, look at him as you begin to answer, then turn your head towards B, then back to A, then to B again until you make your final statement, looking at A (who asked the question) again as you finish your sentence. This technique lets B feel involved in the conversation and is particularly useful if you need to have B on side with you.

Foot Pointing Gesture
* The foot indicates the direction in which a person would like to go, but they are also used to point at people who are interesting or attractive. Imagine that you are at a social function and you notice a group of three men and one very attractive woman (Figure 146). The conversation seems to be dominated by the men and the woman is just listening.

* You will also notice that she is giving a sideways glance to the man who is using the thumbs-in-belt gesture.

Group Discussion Topics

Social Topics

Terrorism in India
Religion should not be mixed with politics
Should Smoking be Banned Completely?
Effects of Television on Youth
Love Marriages Vs Arranged Marriages
Are beauty contests degrading womanhood?
Films are corrupting the Indian Youth
Morals & Values among Indians is Degenerating
Should Dance Bars be banned?
Censorship in Movies & Our Culture
Foreign Television Channels are Destroying Our Culture
Rapists should be given Death Sentence
With Media Publishing and Telecasting Trivia, Censorship is the Need of the Hour
Women are not fit for Defense Services
Women Empowerment - A Cause for Increasing Divorce Rate in India
Showing Violence and Crimes should not be allowed in films and on television.
Classical Music Heritage and the Growing Pop-Culture
Individual Freedom and Civil Society
Should Prostitution be made Legal?
Influence of Online Social Networks on our Youth
Is Remixing Good Trend in Music?
Bride burning and dowry may look bad, but are an integral part of India.
Our Culture is Decaying
We are not serious about saving Wildlife/Environment
The education system needs serious reforms
Let us legalize gambling
The Internet is an exercise in hype
Marriage is a social trap
 
 
Management Topics


Management Education in India
Is Leaders Born or are they made in Business Schools?
Is Management an Art or a Science?
The objective of Management is to maximize profits
Should GD be Part of Campus Placements?
Role of Ethics in Business
Is Management Education Required for Business?
Whether Hard-Working or Smart-Working is Desirable?
Women are better at Multi-Tasking
Does Morality have an Essence in Corporate Life?
Retention of Employees
Do Women make Good Managers?
Celebrity Brand Endorsement: Effective Advertising?
The Salaries that MBAs Get is more than they deserve
Engineering Students are wasting their Time in Management Studies; they have Another Way to go
MBA in India is highly Over-rated
We Need More Entrepreneurs than Managers
Rise in MBA Salaries is Not Sustainable in the Long Run
Can One Contribute to the Social Sector while Being Employed in the Corporate World?
The Rush for MBA is really a Rush for Big Money
Will Mumbai's Film Industry ever evolve into a Truly Modern Corporative One?
Indians Perform Better as Individuals than in Groups/Teams
Positive Attitude and not Knowledge is required for Business Success
Are Ethics just Business Pretence?
Ethics in Business are just a passing fashion
Is an MBA necessary to succeed in life?
Family owned business vs. professionally run businesses
Smaller businesses and start-ups have more scope for professional growth.
Dot com or doubt com?
Managerial skills learnt in the classroom can never match those learnt from experience
 
 
Economics & Business


Are Co-operatives Relevant in Today's Global Environment?
Indian villages - our strength or our weakness?
Space Missions are a Wastage of Resources for a Resource-Starved Nation like India
Satyam Scandal would Impact Foreign Investments in India
Private Participation in Infrastructure is Highly Desirable
Developing Countries need Trade, not Aid
Poverty in Third World Countries is due to Prosperity in First World Countries
Indian Economy: Old Wine in New Bottle!
Is Globalization Really Necessary?
What shall we do about our Ever-Increasing Population?
Banning of Trade Unions will be Beneficial in Growth of the Economy
Why can't India be a World-Class Player in Manufacturing Industry as it is in IT & BPO Sectors?
We Need Drinking Water and Not Coke & Pepsi in Rural India
Rise of Regional Blocs Threatens Independent Nations like India
Should the public sector be privatized?
How to Deal with High Oil Prices?
Multinational Corporations: Are they Devils in Disguise?
Are Indians Less Quality Conscious?
Ethics in Business are just a Passing Fad
Is the Consumer really the King in India?
Commercialization of Health Care: Good or Bad?
Is there any Point in having a Business Strategy when the World changes from Month to Month?
Is the Patents Bill Good for India?
Is the Business of Business only Business?
Public Sector being a Guarantor of Job Security is a Myth
Capitalism is a very Flawed System but the others are so much worse
How can a Business get rid of the Bad Name that it has earned?
Government Pumping Money into the Economy is not the Solution for our Economic Problems
Is the Budgeting Exercise of any Use?
Should Agricultural Subsidies be stopped?
Is MNCs Superior to Indian Companies?
Advertising is a Waste of Resources
Privatization will lead to Less Corruption
Should India break Diplomatic Ties with Pakistan?
Use of Force by Banks to Recover Loans
Skilled Manpower Shortage in India
Technology Creates Income Disparities
In our economic matters, there is an excessive tendency towards the thinking rather than doing.
Every cloud has a silver lining
Is disinvestment really that good for India or is a rethink in order?
Are co-operatives relevant in today's globalised environment?
Foreign aid is a dangerous drug that can stimulate in small doses but become fatally addictive in larger doses.
Government should clean its own hands before pointing finger at the private sector for corruption.
Reforms have to grow up.
Globalization vs. Nationalism
Economic freedom not old fashioned theories of development will lead to growth and prosperity
Should businessmen run the finance ministry?
Should important services like transport be left to market forces?.
Who says MNCs are superior to Indian companies?
What we need to reduce scams is better regulatory bodies.
Trade can help the poor?
Water resources should be nationalised
 
Politics


Is our Political System Reason for our Backwardness?
Educational qualification for Politicians
Necessity of Women Quota Bill for Women Empowerment
Voters, not Political Parties, are Responsible for the Criminalization of Politics
Should We Pursue our Policy of Dialogue with Pakistan?
The Way Forward for India is to Join Hands with Pakistan on Nuclear Matters
Need for Good Leaders in India
Politics is run by the Barrel of Gun
Retirement Age for Politicians
Corruption is the Price we pay for Democracy
What India needs is a Dictatorship?
Value-based Politics is the Need of the Hour
Religion should not be mixed with Politics
Democracy is Hampering India's Progress
Should Tainted Ministers Allowed to Contest Elections?
Presidential v/s Parliamentary Form of Government in India
Reservations in the Private Sector
Decreasing defense expenditure and increasing social expenditure is the need of the hour
India should go for the presidential form of democracy

General Interest


Science Is A Boon Or Bane
Should Animals be used for Testing New Drugs & Medical Procedures?
Security Cameras & Privacy
Advertisements Cheat People, Hence Should Be Banned
Borderless World: A Threat?
Borderless World: A Myth or Reality?
Secularism has become a Tool to Justify the Wrongs done by the Minorities
What is the Difference between People who do Things Rightly and People who do Right Things?
Corruption is a Necessary Evil for Success in Any Sphere
Beauty Pageants are a Must
How to Deal with International Terrorism?
Are Peace and Non-Violence Outdated Concepts?
Indian Army as a Career Option
Capital Punishment should be Banned or Allowed?
Is Dependence on Computers a Good Thing?
Is India a Soft Nation?
Should Research on Human Cloning be banned?
Should Sting Operations be Carried Out?
Nuclear War cannot be won and should not be fought
Is Swapping Terrorists for Hostages an Encouragement to Plane-Hijackers?
Brain-Drain has to be stopped
Doctors' Accountability to Improve Health-Care
Universal Disarmament is a Must
Is India Aping the Western Obsession with Celebrities?
Are Live-in Relationships better than Marriage?
Should Guys Expect their Educated Wives to be Virgins?
India at 60: A Senior Citizen?
Unrest in Countries around India
Flexi Timings or Fixed Timings - Which is better at Work?
Individual Brilliance Certainly makes a Difference
Is Paperless Office a Reality or Not?
Rules & Regulation Breed Corruption
Do NGOs in India Really Work for Others OR Work for their Own Vested Interests?
 
Creative Topics


A Ship Docked in Harbor cannot face the Storms
Do Beauty and Brains Go Together?
Every Cloud has a Silver Lining
Rules are Meant to be Broken
Food Comes First, Ethics Later
Let Sleeping Dogs Lie
There is No Right Way of Doing the Wrong Thing
Is Love Precious or Poisonous?
Is God Male?
Good Things Always Come from Good Thinking
In Today's World, Everything is Uncertain except Death & Taxes
Men are from Mars; Women are from Venus
Cleanliness is a Fundamental Responsibility of an Indian Citizen
A Person should not be too honest; Straight Trees are cut first
Nice Guys Finish Last
All Work and No Play Makes Jack a Dull Boy
The Wheel is Turning Round and Round
If I was the Finance Minister/Prime Minister
Group Task: How can we have Mount Everest in India?
When I woke up in the morning I saw?
Up the Down Staircase
Just as we have smoke free zones, we should have child free zones

Education


Advantages of Co-education
Examinations - has it killed education
Do we really Need Education to be Successful?
Government Control in Higher Education is Interfering and Not Required
Should Sex Education be really made Compulsory?
Privatization of Higher Education
Should the Government Set-up More IITs and IIMs, OR should it be use the Money for Primary & Secondary Education?
Foreign Universities in India
E-Learning: A Substitute for Classroom Learning?
Is Reservation in Higher Education Only Alternative for Social Equality?
Private Educational Institutions: Good or Bad
Should Management Education be subsidized?
How effective are Indian B-schools?
 
Sports


If Winning isn't everything, why do they Keep the Score?
Cricket in India has lost its Sheen
Is T20 Cricket killing Real Cricketing Skills?
Six Billion and One Bronze!
Are Cricketers to be blamed for Match Fixing?
Modern Day Sport in Industrialized Society is an Industry
Cricket as a National Obsession is a Detriment to Other Sports

HR Questions for Fresher

HR Interview Questions For Freshers


Tell me about yourself.

Why should I hire you?

What are your strengths and weaknesses?

Why do you want to work at our company?

What is the difference between confidence and over confidence?

What is the difference between hard work and smart work?

How do you feel about working nights and weekends?

Can you work under pressure?

Are you willing to relocate or travel?

What are your goals?

What motivates you to do good job?

What makes you angry?

Give me an example of your creativity.

How long would you expect to work for us if hired?

Are not you overqualified for this position?

Describe your ideal company, location and job.

What are your career options right now?

Explain how would be an asset to this organization?

What are your outside interests?

Would you lie for the company?

Who has inspired you in your life and why?

What was the toughest decision you ever had to make?

Have you considered starting your own business?

How do you define success and how do you measure up to your own definition?

If you won $10 million lottery, would you still work?

Tell me something about our company.

How much salary do you expect?

Where do you see yourself five years from now?

On a scale of one to ten, rate me as an interviewer.

Do you have any questions for me?



HR Interview Questions For Experienced

Why did you resign from your previous job?

Why have you been out of work so long?

Why have you had so many jobs?

Tell me about a situation when your work was criticized.

Could you have done better in your last job?

Tell me about the most boring job you have ever had.

May I contact your present employer for a reference?

How many hours a week do you normally work?

What was the toughest challenge you have ever faced?

Have you been absent from work more than a few days in any previous position?

What changes would you make if you came on board?

What would you say to your boss if he is crazy about an idea, but you think it stinks?

How could you have improved your career progress?

Tell me honestly about the strong points and weak points of your boss (company, management team, etc.)

Looking back on your last position, have you done your best work?

Why should I hire you from the outside when I could promote someone from within?

How do you feel about reporting to a younger person?

Looking back, what would you do differently in your life?

Why are not you earning more money at this stage of your career?

MBA PROJECT TITLES

1. Foreign exchange practices & hedging tools used by software industry
2. A Comparative Analysis of Balanced Fund Scheme of Mutual Fund
3. An analytical study on the volatility of securities traded on BSE sensex
4. Analysis of Foreign Currency Funding Option
5. A study on the security analysis for selecting the appropriate security through analyzing economy and industry
6. A study on demat and online trading in secondary market
7. Analytical study of Derivatives
8. A study on Impact of NPA’s On Profitability & Liquidity In Banking Industry
9. Non performing assets
10. Perception on mutual funds in Bangalore
11. To establish and carry on business of banking in any part of India or outside India.
12. Role of financial institutions in financing SSIS
13. Study on the role of financial institutions in providing housing loans to middle income group in Bangalore city
14. Budgeting
15. A study of deposit mobilization with reference to nationalized banks
16. Indian capital market
17. A study on foreign exchange funding option
18. Currency correlation and variability as hedging tool an analytical study of their relationship
19. Pre-banking development software analysis and operations credentials
20. Impact of inflation and GDP on stock market returns in India
21. Co-operative banks & their working capital
22. The Financial Performance Evaluation

23. Instrument

24. Volatility analysis of pharmaceutical scrip’s

25. Demat: online trading & its safety

26. Fundamental & Financial Analysis Of Fund Management

27. Brand Loyalty of Cigarette Smokers in Bangalore

28. Study on the rule of financial institution in providing housing rule to middle income groups

29. Trend Analysis of Pharmaceutical with reference to B.S.E (Bombay Stock Exchange) During July-November 2005

30. Impact of electronic advertising on purchasing decision

31. A study of deposit mobilization with reference to Nationalised banks

32. Sensitivity analysis of stocks in information technology, cement and automobile sectors

33. Current scenario of derivatives market in India

34. Developing and measuring the Developing and measuring the performance of portfolio based on risk and return

35. An analytical study on Impact of FDI in Industrial Development in India

36. Creating of an application regarding wealth management

37. Analysis of investor’s perception about mid-cap investment and mid-cap sector

38. A study on option strategies in derivative market

39. A Research On “Strategies for retaining employees in call centers”

40. Risk Management With Financial Derivatives

41. Portfolio Analysis Of Banking Sectors

42. Study of financial planning among IT professionals in Bangalore

43. Technical Analysis of BSE IT sector index and investor’s perspective towards IT stocks

44. Crm and Foreign banks

45. Working capital and ratio analysis at Modern Collections pvt ltd.,

46. Budget and budgetary control system at KPCL”

47. Financial analysis at BEML

48. Working capital management at Med Reich

49. A study on financial analysis of HDFC bank

50. HDFC standard life

51. Performance analysis of growth oriented income fund with special reference to HSBC asset management India pvt ltd

52. A report on augmenting asset liability management practices at Canara bank

53. Working capital management at 3m India limited, Bangalore

54. Working capital management a case study of the kerala electrical and allied engineering co. limited, cochin

55. An analysis of NPA in commercial banks with special reference to Dhanalakshmi bank limited

56. A comparative study on invest shield life of ICICI with other insurance companies

57. A study on risks, opportunities and hedging process in commodities market with reference to Reymount Commodities Pvt Ltd

58. A Study On The Analysis Of Risk And Return Towards Mutual Fund Schemes” In Forutne Advisory Services, Business Partner Of Reliance Money

59. Analysis of working capital management of Karnataka soaps & detergents limited, Bangalore

60. Inventory control and its management at KS&DL

61. A Study On The Impact Of Labour Welfare Measures in Rubco Group

62. Lending loans and advances ,position of various advances problem faced by SBM bank.

63. Financial assistance by KSFC to small and medium enterprises

64. An analysis of the performance of the golden harvest scheme (a study conducted for Tanishq)

65. The title of the study is "loans and recoveries" at Bharat co¬operative bank (Mumbai) limited.

66. Financial analysis of page apparels MFT pvt ltd, Bangalore

67. Mobilisation of funds in insurance industry with reference to HDFC standard life.

68. Financial aspects and its operations with reference to Rhino Resins pvt. Ltd

69. A comparative study on the credit parameters used for lending housing finance in HDFC with other major players in the industry

70. A report on estimation of working capital requirement (prepared on behalf of Crux information system (p) ltd)

71. Evaluation of financial performance of Fairmate chemicals private limited

72. Investors prospective towards mutual fund scheme at Franklin Templeton global funds

73. A study on credit management (a study conducted at Abu Dhabi commercial bank)

74. Customer Satisfaction Towards J&K Bank With Special Refrence To Jamia Qadeem Sopore Branch

75. Working capital management towards MSR motors pvt ltd

76. Budgeting and budgetary control - systems & procedures”, a study made at BEL- Bangalore

77. Financial analysis-a case study of Southern Power Equipment Company Limited, Bangalore.

78. Cost analysis in wockhardt hospital

79. “a study of working capital management” in bank of India

80. Financial ratio analysis of Travancore cements ltd. (TCL), Kottayam

81. Financial analysis-a case study of Spec Ltd

82. Credit management" at Amanath co-operative bank

83. Welfare amenities to bank employees. (a study conducted at Canara bank, H.O, Bangalore)

84. A study report of ratio analysis”, at Balaji enterprises

85. A Study on Geojit Financial Services Ltd

86. A study on changing business profile of Karnataka state financial corporation

87. A study on credit management of state bank of Travancore

88. Financial statement analysis for effective financial control a project study conducted at Mysore Sales International Limited at hire-purchase division (MSIL)

89. Mergers and acquisition of banking industry with specific reference to Bank of Madura Ltd

90. Performance of mutual funds under the global environment A case study conducted in HDFC

91. Financial performance of Sudarshan Telecom

92. Investment options for investors in mutual funds for Kotak

93. Financial performance analysis of the Urban co-operative bank ltd. Jaipur

94. “study on car funding” conducted with reference to Apeejay finance

95. Inventory control & management at SSA(Sri Sri Ayurveda)

96. Study the growth of Vijaya bank & evaluate the financial performance of Vijaya bank

97. The management of non performing assets in the Canara bank’s loan portfolio

98. Working capital management of Blue star

99. Working Capital Management in SAI AGRO INDUSTRIES

100. Financial performance analysis” of Hindustan lever limited

101. Budgeting process and control system at Hindustan aeronautics limited at engine division

102. An organizational study of ICDS securities and working pattern of various broking firms and comparative analysis of ICDS securities ltd. With other broking firms

103. A Study on Customer Expectation and Perception with reference to Indian Airlines

104. Study of ICICI Direct.com (online share trading) dematerialization in ICICI capital ltd.

105. Working capital of KSRTC

106. Study of working capital management at Parisons Foods Pvt Limited

107. A study on ratio analysis of BEML

108. Working capital management at Bharath Electronics Ltd (BEL)

109. To know the sources of funds and applications of funds and to allocate the available resources properly at Ing Vysya

110. Analysis of mergers and acquisitions among banks, with specific reference to bank of Madura ltd., ICICI ltd. And ICICI bank ltd

111. Foreign investment decision in India and the effect of the hike in FDI ceiling on the telecommunication sector

112. To the study the causes and movements of NPA's in KSFC

113. A Study On Working Capital Management And Ratio Analysis” Of Mcdowell’s & Company Ltd

114. Kerala Roadways Ltd/Calicut

115. Financial performance of A. S. R. Associates

116. A study & analysis on working capital management at Karnataka power corporation limited (kpcl)

117. Inventory management & its control at Karnataka Soap And Detergent Ltd

118. A study on Financial Statement Analysis at Jubliant Organosys Ltd

119. Bu Business Loans For Trade (BLT) portfolio at ING Vysya Bank Ltd.

120. A study on the financial performance of Shree Thyagaraja Co-Operative Bank Limited

121. A study of personal segment advances" in State Bank Of Mysore

122. Funds flow management at K.S.F.C

123. Financial Performance and Evaluation of KS&DL

124. A study on ratio analysis" adopted by Druk Sherig Construction Company, Bhutan

125. Ratio analysis of financial performance of Karnataka soaps & detergents limited

126. The role of national bank ltd in export and import of Bangladesh’ or national bank limited, Dhaka

127. A study Inventory Management at Bharath Earth Movers Limited

128. Need for financial statement analysis of a Computer Hardware Industry

129. An analysis of the financial statement of Corporation Bank

130. Financial statements, profit and loss account and the balance sheet of the company Titan

131. A Study On The Financial Statement With Special Reference To Manjushree Extrusions Limited, Bangalore

132. Working capital management of DSCL

133. A study on Kaypee Electronics & Associate Private Limited

134. A study on Midcaps and its impact on NIFTY Market

135. The study on working capital in S M Dyechem Limited

136. A study conducted for Lords Apparels Private Limited on working capital management and ratio analysis

137. Financial planning and solutions with life insurance with carried out to ICICI Life insurance company Ltd

138. Export and import finance, banking procedure and analysis of Vijaya Bank’s performance

139. A study on customer portfolio for Mutual Funds (with special reference to ICICI Bank Ltd)

140. A study on customer satisfaction towards Vaibhav Exports

141. A study conducted for HGS apparels private limited on working capital management and ratio analysis

142. “impact of market volatility on debt funds investment” a study conducted at Standard Chartered

143. Inventory Management & control at RWF

144. Ratio analisys, Allahabad Bank

145. To bring about the importance of technical analysis in the speculation activities and to study the market movement through the RSI.

146. A study on working capital management and ratio analysis of ABB LTD. (business area unit, Peenya)

147. Financial statements analysis of “Metal Comps (I) Private Limited.

148. A study on risk management system in Banking Industry(with respect to Indian banks at Bangalore)

149. Inventory management: to reach a level of rs.15 crores by financial year end for entire company, to have average inventory of rs.22 crores of Honeywell solutions

150. Credit risk management a study conducted at Canara Bank

151. Project apprisal for getting a financial aid from KSFC (prepared on behalf of crux information systems (p) ltd bangalore)

152. A comparative study of housing loan schemes of various housing finance institutes for IC1CI home finance Ltd

153. A Study On Documentation of Export Ever Shine Granites company pvt ltd.

154. A project report on “credit appraisal management” a case study of Canara bank

155. Financial statements are indicators of profitability and financial statement of Milco Pvt Ltd

156. Project financing and non-performing assets management at MPFC, Bhopal

157. Comparative Study Of The Wealth Management Structure Of Banks & Analysis Of The Wealth Management Marketplace at HSBC

158. A Study On The Financial Analysis Of Acknit Knitting Limited

159. Financial analysis of Bharath Earth Movers Limited

160. Thomson Corporation (International Private Limited) Bangalore

161. A study on impact of mergers and acquisitions in the capital market at Cochin Stock Exchange Ltd

162. A study on financial aspects of the Thiruvalla East Co-Operative Bank Ltd.

163. Financial Performance Of The State Bank Of Mysore Pertaining To Personal Loans

164. A feasibility study on hypothecation financing of car loans (with special reference to Ing Vysya Bank)

165. Commercial banking, United Bank of India, banking credit – an overview

166. Study on the ratio analysis and interpretation of Mysore Steel suppliers

167. Study On Labour Welfare Measures” With Reference To “KSDL”

168. The project report on financial analysis of Blue Star limited

169. Financial statement analysis of “Karnataka silk marketing board”

170. Analyzing the performance of Anand Polymers Pvt Ltd

171. A study on “inventory management at Indo American Hybrid Seeds (India) Pvt Ltd

172. Comparative analysis of financial statements of Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

173. The Study On Stratigies Used In Derivative Market At Kotak Securitiies

174. Financial performance of the 131 Bank of India pertaining to various scheme of loans

175. Financial performance of Mysore Steel Suppliers

176. Performance of selected information technology scrip’s with reference to early days of UPA (united progressive alliance) government (during July November 2004)

177. Financial Analysis Of The Comptrollers Office Co-Operative Bank Ltd” AT The Comptrollers Office Co-Operative Bank Ltd

178. Financial statement analysis at J&K bank

179. Working capital management in Bamul

180. The study of Ratio Analysis of Rourkela steel plant

181. Trend analysis of automobile industry actively traded stock on BSE with special reference to united progressive Allance Government 2004{during July to November}

182. Study on portfolio management of the investors of Tata metaliks limited

183. A Study on Working Capital Management at Michigan Rubber (India) Ltd

184. Detailed analysis of service co-operative bank and Analysing the problem of increase in the overdues at Hosdurg Service Co-Operative Bank

185. A Study On Financial Ratio Analysis Of Western India Plywoods Ltd

186. Brand Awareness Of Airtel Mobile Connection” At “Impulse Touch” Marathahalli Bangalore

187. A Study on Brand preferences and comparative analysis of different brand of ready to eat products with reference to MTR foods limited

188. A study on the performance and financial progress of mutual funds with special reference to ABN-AMRO

189. Current Scenario of Derivatives In Indian Market with special reference to India Infoline

190. A study on the assessment of performance budgeting in Amanath co-operative bank ltd

191. "Export Procedure followed by Rashmi Silk Fabrics for Silk".

192. A Study on financial performance at Absolute InfoTech private Limited, Bangalore

193. A Study of Investor Preference Towards Future and Optioins of India infoline Co Ltd

194. A Study On Term Loans For Industrial Sectors Of Corporation Bank

195. Inventory Management Analysis” At Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

196. Inventory management and control ” at Bimal Auto Agency

197. A Study On Risk Return Analysis Of Insurance Product At HDFC Chubb General Insurance Company Ltd Bangalore

198. Customer Satisfaction After Sales And Service Provided By Silicon Honda

199. The study of the retailers expectations from TATA STEEL (Tubes & Pipes Div.)

200. A project report on exporters credit (conducted on behalf of state bank of India, commercial branch, Bangalore)

201. A study of “financial performance of the United Bank Of India pertaining to various scheme of loans”

202. Export Procedure followed by Rashmi Silk Fabrics for Silk

203. “Assessment of Customer Satisfaction Towards South Indian Bank” (Yeswanthpur Branch)

204. A report on working capital management at Forbes Campbell Knitwear

205. Ratio analysis conducted on behalf of hotel industrialist’s co-operative bank ltd

206. A study on “insurance as an investment” conducted on behalf of Ing vysya Life Insurance

207. Fixed asset accounting at Karnataka state road transport corporation

208. A study of working capital management of K.S.R.T.C.

209. Non-Performing Assets In Indian Commercial Banks

210. The Inventory Management and Control Of Arya Vaidya Sala Kottakkal

211. Working capital management in KS&DL

212. Working capital management analysis A case study of Bangalore diary milk union limited Bangalore

213. Working capital management in Bangalore electricity supply company limited

214. A analytical study on “effectiveness of cost control” with special reference to KS&D L

215. Evaluation of the Inventory Management system at Wockhardt Hospital and Heart Institute

216. Inventory management and import cost calculation” carried out in SKF India limited

217. A Study on Wear life Perception of Customers Affecting Customer Satisfaction in the case of Slurry Pumps Manufactured and Supplied by M/s.McNally Bangalore Industries Ltd,

218. Inventory control techniques (using abc,eoq,ved) Conducted on behalf of Goetz India ltd, yelahanka

219. Working capital management in L&T – Komatsu Ltd

220. Financial statement analysis using ratio analysis Karnataka State Co- Operative Apex Bank

221. Evaluation of Financial Performance" of A. C. M. INDUSTRIES Private Limited

222. Anuvarthh Apparels Pvt. Ltd.

223. Working capital management In Bescom

224. A study on costing system in ascertaining & analysis of cost with reference to Sri Sri Ayurveda

225. Comparative common-size financial analysis to determine the co-relation between share market price & earning capacity of the FMCG companies

226. “Financial performance” At absolute Infotech private limited Bangalore

227. A Study On “Financial Health Of Yuken India Limited, Bangalore

228. Dematerialization of Shares” in BgSE Financials Limited, subsidiary of Bangalore stock exchange

229. Ratio analysis in BAMUL

230. A project report on the "Export Procedure followed by Kishan International for Silk".

231. Financial statement analysis - TAFE

232. Working Capital Management – KMF

233. Financial analysis at Power Grid Corporation Of India Ltd

234. A report on activity based costing for KAR mobiles ltd

235. Working Capital Management of Bostik limited

236. An overall organizational study at State Cooperative Apex Bank Ltd

237. The Study Of Working Capital Management In Alfred Herbert Ltd

238. Study on financial analysis and planning at KPCL

239. Prateek Appareals pvt ltd

240. Inventory management and control at SHAHI EXPORT HOUSE

241. Effectiveness of cost control with special reference to K S&DL

242. Non-performing assets of public sector banks (with reference to the State Bank Of Mysore)

243. Analysis of Working Capital Management of AUMA India Ltd

244. Financial analysis of Keltron Components Complex Limited

245. Role of Financial Institution in Financing Small Scale Industries (SSI) – A Study at the Nilambur Co-operative Urban Bank Ltd

246. Analysis of ratios – a study conducted for A.C.M. industries

247. An insight into the financial performance of Movers (India) Private Ltd

248. Customer satisfaction towards State Bank of Mysore

249. A study of working capital management of Bharath Earth Movers Ltd. Bangalore

250. Working capital management with special reference to the Surlin Solutions Pvt Limited

251. Financing of commercial vehicle – trucks (Sri Ram Investment)

252. “Efficiency of Tele Marketing activities and its viabilities”. By ABN AMRO

253. Zenith Exports Limited for Silk

254. A Study On The Innovations In Retail Lending With Reference To Vijaya Bank (Jayanagar 3rd Block Branch)”

255. The Rai Saheb Rekhchand Mohota Spg & WVG Mills Limited

256. Structure of mutual funds as an investment avenue and the performance of five debt funds of standard chartered mutual fund

257. A study of credit appraisal system of Ing Vysya Bank ltd

258. Analysis of financial performance of ICICI bank limited

259. Ratio Analysis of Hindustan Lever Ltd

260. Study Of Associated Cement Companies Limited on the basis of Ratio analysis (ACC)

261. Honeywell technology solutions lab (HTSL)

262. A study of ratio analysis of the financial statements of KS&DL

263. An effective study of financial management information system of DLT pvt. ltd

264. A study on Forex risk management through forward merchant contracts

265. Analysis of the financial statement of Usha Martin Limited through ratio analysis

266. Inventory Management System and Control In BAMUL

267. Housing Finance as a means of increasing the Profitability of LIC of India

268. A Study On Forex Risk Management” at Reymout (P) Ltd

269. Analysis of Non-Performing assets in The Hanumanthnagar Co-operative bank

270. Lending practices in banking sector at Union Bank Of India

271. A study on Financial Statement Analysis at Peenya Fine Comp Pvt Ltd

272. Standard chartered bank, Bangalore

273. Market potential and Brand Awareness for Honda Activa in Bangalore city

274. Motor industries company ltd (Mico)

275. A study of the market potentiality of AAA size batteries

276. Inventory Management in KSRTC

277. A Study on Financial Analysis. on behalf of KPTCL

278. Financial statement analysis conducted on behalf of the Federal Bank Ltd

279. A study on non-performing assets with special reference to HDFC Bank Ltd

280. A Study on the Financial Performance of Allahabad Bank.

281. Systematic investment plan’ on behalf of Cholamandalam Distribution Service limited

282. A study on Mutual funds as a growth HDFC Ltd

283. Comparative study of growth oriented balanced funds of various companies with reference to ING VYSYA mutual fund

284. A study on market intelligence of event management companies in Bangalore for Shrushti Ads

285. The Study of Recruitment and its Effectiveness at ‘Taj Residency’.

286. Financial Performance Related to ICICI Prudential insurance scheme

287. Exchange Rate Mechanisms in Foreign Exchange Management” Conducted on behalf of Vijaya bank, Bangalore

288. Financial statement analysis in OM SAI motors on the basis of various techniques

289. STUDY ON ATTRITION LEVEL

290. AN ANALYSIS ON CASH MANAGEMENT

291. STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMSENT

292. MORALE

293. Employee Welfare

294. STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

295. Demand And Forcasting

296. STUDY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE USING

297. RATIO ANALYSIS

298. EFFECTIVENESS OF GRIEVANCE HANDLING MECHANISM

299. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

300. PERFORMANCE APPRSIAL SYSTEM

301. EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION

302. Recruitment And Selection Process

303. Consumer Behavior

304. Life Insurance

305. Training and Development

306. Market survey on Brand Equity

307. EFFECT OF WELFARE MEASURES ON EMPLOYEE MORALE IN HIDESIGN

308. PAYABLES MANAGEMENT

309. Conflicts management strategies

310. Customer Focus on Supply Chain Management

311. EMPLOYEE’S ABSENTEEISM

312. EMPLOYEE ABSENTEEISM AND EMPLOYEE MORALE

313. WOMEN CONSUMER ATTITUDE OF PURCHASING CAR

314. WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

315. LABOUR WELFARE MEASURES

316. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

317. Cash Management

318. Productivity Level

319. SALES PROMOTION

320. THE USAGE OF

321. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

322. ATTITUDE OF CUSTOMERS TOWARDS STANDARD POLYMERS

323. EMPLOYEES JOB SATISFACTION IN EMAMI LIMITED

324. EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING PROGRAMME AT HCL PERIPHERALS

325. EMPLOYEES PERSONALITY IN NATURAL CAPSULES LTD.,

326. EMPLOYEE’S MOTIVATION IN EMAMI LIMITED

327. ABSENTEEISM AMONG THE EMPLOYEES

328. EMPLOYEE WELFARE MEASURES IN ARIGNAR ANNA SUGAR MILLS

329. Study on Working Capital Management

330. DEALER’S SATISFACTION WITH REFERENCE TO TAMILNADU CEMENT

331. EMPLOYEES JOB CLARITY AT WHIRLPOOL OF INDIA LIMITED

332. RATIO ANALYSIS IN TAMILNADU CEMENT CORPORATION LTD

333. EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYEE SAFETY AND HEALTH

334. MARKET POTENTIAL OF FLOAT GLASSES IN CHENNAI REGION

335. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN DOMESTIC SALES WITH REFERENCE TO ANGLO FRENCH TEXTILES (PTC Ltd.,)

336. EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION AT APPASAMY OCULAR DEVICES PVT. LTD.,

337. A repport on international buisness operations of ONGC & OVL

338. A report on study of international marketing

339. Export Prospects Of Alcoholic Beverages To Russia,Ukraine and Uzbekistan

340. INTERNATIONAL MARKETING OF KHADI

341. Liner Activities of shagai logistics

342. The Credit Crunch and its impact on the property market in the UK

343. International services and India

344. Internationalizing to the UK: a resource based perspective

345. Outward FDI and Trade Performance

346. Internationalization of banks: The consumer perspective

347. Internationalization process of Big Image Systems AB

348. Analysis of the Commercial Relations between Sweden and Latin America

349. Internationalisation of companies

350. The internationalisation process of the firm: a case study

351. Product Cycles for Sweden’s Export of Machinery goods

352. Supplier Relationship Management: Developments in Co-operative Initiatives

353. How to find an international business partner?

354. Using Value Chain Analysis to Manage Consumer Confidence in IT Knowledge Services

355. Strategies in Telecommunications Industry during Privatization Process towards Competition – The Case of Thailand

356. Sustainable IOC - Sustainable Society

357. The Impact of Inflation on Business and Trade: a case study of Ghana and Canada

358. The Driving Force of Swap Spreads

359. Essays in Trade and Development

360. Valuing Companies in Emerging Markets - The Case of Nigeria

361. Reward Systems and Strategy

362. The Pros and Cons of Business Intuition in Strategic Decision Making

363. Innovative ways to finance telecommunication in developing countries

364. Key Success Factors for Ericsson Mobile Platforms using Porter’s Value Chain model

365. Emerging Role of Teams in Multicultural Organizations

366. Growth factors of Service based internet commerce in South Asian markets

367. Foreign Direct Investment in cohesion to employment

368. The Culturally Intelligent Negotiator: The Impact of CQ on Intercultural Negotiation Effectiveness

369. Indian Business Ventures abroad

370. Foreign Collaborations in India A Study of Patterns in the Pre and the Post- liberalisation Era

371. The Performance of Global Business Teams within Multinational Corporations: The Test of an Intervening Process Model

372. Imperatives, Challenges and Task Requirements of Becoming a Global Player: The Case of India

373. The global political economy of transnational corporations: a theory of asymmetric interdependence

374. The use of print ads for an international brand

375. Business Negotiations in the New China: same same but different

376. The impact of culture on business negotiations between Swedish and US businessmen: a case study of two Swedish businessmen


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Velu.p
Phone: 9843473212
E.mail: veluga_006@yahoo.co.in